Friday, January 30, 2015

Different Leak flow - Volume leak flow Vs Mass flow leak Vs Standard flow leak



Leak flow -    

Volume leak flow   Vs Mass flow leak  Vs  Standard flow leak


Unfortunately, great confusion exists when measuring  leaks.
Leak flow can be described as:
  • volume leak flow 
or
  • mass  leak flow.
 Volume leak flow is the rate of volume change over time.

The most common way to describe leak flow, it is measured in volume units  overtime, such as cubic centimeters per minute or cubic centimeters per  hour.

Mass leak flow is the rate of mass change over  time. It  is  measured in mass units over  time,  such  as  grams  per minute, milligrams per minute or micrograms per minute.

The correlation between volume and mass  leak  flow  is  given  in the equation:

m = Q× ρ

In this equation, m is mass flow, Q  is volume flow, and  ρ is density,  measured in milligrams per cubic centimetre.

Unfortunately, there is a third way to describe a gas leak flow, and it often causes a lot of confusion. Known as "standard"  flow,  it is measured in standard  cubic  centimeters  per minute  (sccm)  or  standard  cubic centimeters  per  second. 
Standard flow  is defined as actual volumetric flow  corrected  to  "standard conditions." Because more than one standard condition exists, we will define a common standard condition as a dry, pure gas at a specific gas density, a pressure of  14.695  psia and a temperature of 529.45 R.
To calculate a standard gas flow for a  specific  gas,  we  can  use  this equation,  which is derived from the two earlier equations:


Qstd     = Q  x {(P x T std)/(P std  x T)}

In this equation,  Qstd  is  standard flow, 
Q is actual volume flow;  
P is actual  absolute  gas  pressure;  
T is actual absolute  temperature; 
P std is standard  absolute  gas  pressure; and 
T std  is  standard  absolute temperature.

Why is standard leak flow so confusing?  First, it is gas- dependent. For example, 1 sccm of helium has approximately seven times lower mass  flow  than  1 sccm of nitrogen! Second,  many engineers  get  confused  between standard  cubic  centimetre  per minute  and  cubic  centimetre  per minute, and they get more confused converting  from  one unit to the other. Standard flow can be considered "semi-mass flow."
Because standard flow units are not a recognized measurement unit in the SI system and because they are confusing, it is highly recommended to avoid these units of measurement whenever possible.
 

Collected from ADVANCED LEAK TEST METHODS- Mr.HEMI SAGI, Director ATC, Inc.